His Royal Majesty Paduka Mahasari Al-Maulana Ampun Sultan Hadji Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram ibni Almarhum Sultan Mohammad Mahakuttah Abdulla Kiram The 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo The Grand Sayyid andHereditary Sovereign of The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl is also member of other important foreign orders.
Detail of the Warrant of Admission of the Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl (Artist H.E. Datu Sadja Michael Y. Medvedev).
The Royal Order of the Drum
His Royal Majesty Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram of Sulu is Knight of the Grand Cross of The Royal Order of the Drum (L’Ordre Royal du Tambour). This Order was awarded to His Royal Majesty on November 8th 2011, by late King of Rwanda, His Majesty Kigeli V Ndahindurwa.[1]
The Royal Order of the Crown
On April 30th 2016, His Royal Majesty Sultan of Sulu was awarded The Royal Order of the Crown, in the rank of Grand Cross, by His Majesty Yuhi VI Head of the Royal House of Rwanda.[2]
The Honorary Cross of The Royal and Merciful Society of Bearers of Medals and Awards of Belgium
In 2016, His Royal Majesty Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram also became a bearer of the Honorary Cross of The Royal and Merciful Society of Bearers of Medals and Awards of Belgium. This Society enjoys Royal Protection since 1893. Current Royal Protector of The Royal and Merciful Society of Bearers of Medals and Awards of Belgium is His Majesty Philippe King of the Belgians.[3]
Certain awards and distinctions
His Royal Majesty Sultan of Sulu is, since April 11th 2011, Honorary Member of The Association of Representatives of the Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom CLBG (ARKBK), an important subnational Monarchy in Uganda.[4]
The Royal Patron of The Association of Representatives of the Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom is His Majesty Omukama (King) Solomon Iguru I of Bunyoro-Kitara. President of this Association is H.E. Peter F. Gummersbach.[5]
On March 23rd 2012, His Royal Majesty Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram became Honorary Member (Socio Onorario) of The International Commission for Orders of Chivalry (Commissione internazionale permanente per lo studio degli ordini cavallereschi).[6]
Past and present Patrons of The International Commission for Orders of Chivalry are (were): H.R.H. Philip, Duke of Württemberg (1893 – 1975), H.Em. Cardinal Giuseppe Caprio, Grand Master Emeritus of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem and President Emeritus of the Prefecture for Economic Affairs of the Holy See (1914 – 2005), H.Em. Cardinal Alfons Maria Stickler, SDB, Librarian and Archivist Emeritus of the Holy Roman Church, H.Em. Cardinal Pio Laghi, Patron Cardinal of Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Catholic Education (1910 – 2007), H.Em. Cardinal Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo, Archpriest of the Basilica of Saint Paul’s Without-The-Walls, H.B. Ignatius Joseph III Yohan, Patriarch of Antioch and All of the East of the Syrians, H.E. Ab. Dr. Bruno Platter, Gran Master of the Teutonic Order of Holy Mary in Jerusalem, H.I. & R.H. Archduke Dr. Otto of Austria (1912 – 2011), H.I. & R.H. Archduke Andreas Salvator of Austria, H.I. & R.H. Archduke József Árpád of Austria, Countess Dr Walburga Maria Douglas, née H.I. & R.H. Archduchess Walburga Maria of Austria, H.R.H. Dom Duarte Pio, Duke of Bragança, H.I.H. Grand Duchess Maria Wladimirovna of Russia, H.R.H. Prince Serge of Yugoslavia and H.R.H. Prince Leka II of the Albanians. President (Chairman) of this significant Commission is H.E. Pier Felice degli Uberti.[7]
In this text, some of His Royal Majesty’s foreign Orders and Awards are mentioned. We believe, that others will be studied in the future, by some new researchers.[8]
Belgrade, February 2022.
[1] Data from the Official site of The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl of The Sultanate of Sulu, internet address orderofthepearl.org (further: Order of the Pearl); Guy Stair Sainty, Rafal Heydel-Mankoo, World Orders of Knighthood and Merit, Volume 1,Burke’s Peerage & Gentry, 2006. (further: Sainty, Heydel-Mankoo), XVI, 796.
[2] Order of the Pearl; Sainty, Heydel-Mankoo, XVI, 796.
[3] Rudolph Andries Urlich Juchter van Bergen Quast, Nobiliary Law, 3 – 5; Order of the Pearl.
[5] Aleksandar Bačko, Titles of East African Traditional Rulers, Royalty, Chiefs, Nobility and Chivalry, Belgrade 2020, 12, 81; Aleksandar Bačko, Titles of Ugandan Traditional Rulers, Royalty, Chiefs, Nobility and Chivalry, Belgrade 2017, 59.
His Royal Majesty Paduka Mahasari Al-Maulana Ampun Sultan Hadji Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram ibni Almarhum Sultan Mohammad Mahakuttah Abdulla Kiram is The 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo and The Grand Sayyid andHereditary Sovereign of The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl.
In this text, we are going to briefly observe facts about The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl, as well as some foreign Orders awarded to HisRoyalMajesty Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram.
ROYAL AND HASHEMITE ORDER OF THE PEARL
It is the dynastic Order of the Royal House of Sulu, which serves as the premier premial institution and the highest personal honour of and in the Royal Sultanate of Sulu. The Order is an honourable and nobiliary corporation instituted as a dynastic Order of Datuship analogous to traditional dynastic Orders of Chivalry, and is in direct continuation from the ancient customs and distinctions of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu and the Court of the Sultan. Motto of this Order is: “Hakahawpuan Iban Hakahabaan Tiranan” (“At a short and a large distance”).[1]
This Order was formally established in June 2011, but it is an institution whose roots are much deeper. When the current Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo, His Royal Majesty Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram decided to establish a Order, using His sovereign right as „Fons honorum“, it was uniting of the royal, nobiliary and chivalrous traditions of Sultanate, in a manner appropriate international standards.[2]
For The Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo, pearls are very important. On the islands of the Sulu archipelago pearls are collected for centuries in the traditional way. It is believed, that pearls from Sulu are most valuable in the world. For centuries, only the Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo had the right to possess the largest and most valuable pearls found in the archipelago. Although penalties for violators of this law were very harsh, some exceptional pieces found their way to Europe and other destinations by secret channels. Pearls are also of great importance for this country because, for a long time, they are one of the pillars of its economy.[3]
Concerning the name of this Order, the term „Hashemite“ has its roots in the very foundations Kiram dynasty, as well as the history of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo. This term refers to the ancient Arab clan Hashemites, descendants of Hashim. It is a branch of a larger tribe, the Quraish. From the Hashemite clan originated Prophet Muhammad himself, his daughter Fatima and her husband Ali, the most important personalities of Islam. The roots of this clan are in the region Hejaz in today’s Saudi Arabia, near the Red Sea.[4]
In the narrow sense, The Hashemites are descendants of the Prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and her husband Ali. Fatima and Ali had more children, but it is known that four of them came to maturity. These were sons Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, and daughters Zaynab and Umm Kulthum. Descendants of Fatima and Ali are bearing honorary titles Sayyid (master) and the Sharif (noble).[5]
The Royal House of Kiram of Sulu and North Borneo is one of the Dynasties, that have tradition of the Hashemite ancestry. In the first half of the 15th century Sayyid Abubakar Abirin, a prominent explorer and Islamic religious teacher, came to Sulu. He was born in Johor on the Malay Peninsula, and he was, by tradition, of the Arabic Hashemitic origin. He married Princess Paramisuli and about 1450, after the death of his father in law Raj Baguinde, he founded the Sultanate of Sulu. Said Abubakar Abirin ruler’s name was Sharif ul – Hashim. The present Royal House of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo, Kiram, descends from him.[6]
The Hashemites in the narrow sense of the word (descendants of the Prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima), as already mentioned, have the right to bear the title Sayyid. In accordance with the traditions of his country, and his Hashemitic origin, His Royal Majesty Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo, bears the title of the Grand Sayyid of the The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl. It is the appropriate title for this function of His Royal Majesty, because it is equivalent to the traditional title of the Grand Master of the Order in English language.[7]
This Order is divided into several grades. Highest grade, Royal Companion, is reserved exclusively for members of the current and former ruling houses. Beside this, there are five more grades in the Order: Grand Cordon, Distinguished Companion, Companion, Officer and Member. This ranking to some extent resembles the ranking of traditional nobility and privileged classes of society in the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo (datu, tuan…), but also the European Royal Orders of Chivalry. Membership in the Order can only be acquired in accordance with the wish and the approval of its Grand Sayyid (Grand Master). With this dynastic Order its Grand Sayyid rewards persons of all nationalities and religions, which were particularly meritorious concerning service, deeds and faithfulness to the Royal House and the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo, as well as those, who gained an outstanding international reputation in their field of activity.[8]
There are some leading figures from the royal families, as well as scientists, artists, and other prominent individuals, among the members of The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl, as: HM King (Omukama) Solomon Iguru I of Bunyoro-Kitara, HRH Duarte Pio Duke of Breganza „de jure“ King of Portugal, HRH David Bagration of Mukhrani Crown Prince of Georgia, HM Yuhi VI titular King of Rwanda, HIH Ermias Sahle Selassie Crown Prince of Ethiopia, HIRH Archduke Joseph Karl von Habsburg, HRH Princess Margaret von Hohenberg, HRH Prince Vladimir Karađorđević, HRH Princess Jelisaveta Karađorđević, HRH Princess Brigitta Karađorđević, HRH Princess Luciana Pallavicini Hassan of Afghanistan, HRH Princess Mahera Hassan of Afghanistan, HRH Prince Osman Rifat Ibrahim, HRH Mohsin Ali Khan of Hyderabad, HH Princess Dr. Chao Duangduen of Chiang Mai, former President of Poland and Nobel Prize Laureate Lech Wałęsa, Marquis Don Maurizio Ferrante Gonzaga del Vodice di Vescovato, Hussin U. Amin Mayor of Jolo, and others.[9]
Among deceased prominent members of The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl were HM King Kigeli V of Rwanda and HRH Prince Aleksandar Pavlov Karađorđević.[10]
FOREIGN ORDERS
Among other Titles and Honours, His Royal Majesty is also the Member of certain notable foreign Orders. HRM Sultan of Sulu is awarded with number of significant foreign Awards, as well.
The Royal Order of the Engabu
His Royal Majesty Sultan Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram is distinguished Member of The Royal Order of the Engabu, an important single-grade Royal Order of The Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom (Uganda).
This Order is awarded by HM Omukama (King) Solomon Iguru I. In English, the name of the Order means: Order of the Shield. The Order was established in 2010, replacing the old Royal Order of the Crown. This change was done to make sure, that it would be no confusion concerning similar names of The Order of the Crown and The Order of the Omujwaara Kondo (Order of the Coronet Wearer). Today, Motto of Royal Order of the Engabu is: “Cum Alus Pro Alus” in Latin language (in English: With Others, For Others).[11]
The Royal Order of the Engabu is inherited by the original grantee’s eldest child of the same gender, at the moment of the original grantee’s death or renunciation of the honor. For male grantees, the honor passes by patrilineal primogeniture.[12]
There are several aspects of the award, that recipients of the Order receive. Firstly, all recipients are entitled to the style „The Most Honourable“. However, persons entitled to an existing style that supersedes „The Most Honourable“ will retain it within the Order’s records. Secondly, a recipient is entitled to use the title of Omukungu (plural: Abakungu). Official authorization is granted for a male recipient to translate term “Omukungu” into „Knight“ in English. Thirdly, the post-nominal of „OEBKK“ may be used after an honoree’s name. The original recipient of the Order may use „1st“ before the post-nominals (OEBKK) in order to show he is the first to receive the Order, his son who inherits the order may then use „2nd OEBKK“ and so on. Also, there are certain heraldic privileges.[13]
The Order of the Eagle of Georgia and the Seamless Tunic of Our Lord Jesus Christ
His Royal Majesty Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram of Sulu is bearer of The Grand Cross of The Order of the Eagle of Georgia and the Seamless Tunic of Our Lord Jesus Christ.
This is an important Dynastic Order, awarded by HRH Crown Prince Davit Bagrationi Mukhrani, Head of the Royal House of Georgia. The Order is founded in 1939. It is divided into seven classes, but two lowest ranks are not usually awarded today.[14]
Among distinguished members of this Order are: His All Holiness, Bartholomew I, Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome, and Ecumenical Patriarch, His Grace Iakovos (Sofroniadis), Metropolitan of Princes Islands, Ipertimos and Exarch of The Propontis, His Grace Metropolitan Gennadios (Stantzios) of the Holy Archdiocese of Botswana, His Grace Irinej (Dobrijević) Bishop of the Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Eastern America, HM Emperor Simeon II of Bulgaria, HRH Crown Prince Nikola II Petrović Njegoš of Montenegro, HRH Princess Jelisaveta Karađorđević of Serbia and Yugoslavia, HRH Prince Vladimir Karađorđević of Serbia and Yugoslavia, HRH Brigita Karađorđević of Serbia and Yugoslavia, and others. Some of deceised distingushed members were: His Holiness the Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch Irinej, HM Emperor Boris III of Bulgaria, HRH Crown Prince Leka I Zogu of Albania, and HRH Prince Aleksandar Pavlov Karađorđević of Serbia and Yugoslavia.[15]
The Order of the Ethiopian Lion
In 2010, His Royal Majesty Sultan Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram was awarded The Grand Cordon of The Order of the Ethiopian Lion, by His Imperial Highness The Prince Ermias Sahle-Selasie, President of The Crown Council of Ethiopia.
This significant Order was established by The Crown Council of Ethiopia in March 1996, on the 100th anniversary of the Victory of Adwa. It is important to mention, that The Imperial Order of Emperor Menelik II, founded in 1924, was also called “The Order of the Lion”, for having depiction of the Ethiopian Lion in the center of its insignia. So, by establishing the new Order of the Ethiopian Lion, this confusion is solved.[16]
Belgrade, January 2022.
[1] Aleksandar Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram and The Sultanate of Sulu, Belgrade 2019. (further: Bačko, HRM Sultan…), 132; HE Datu Sadja Michael Y. Medvedev, The Honours System of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu.
[3] Bačko, HRM Sultan…, 132 – 133; James Francis Warren, The Sulu zone 1768 – 1898, Singapore 2007, 72 – 74; George Frederick Kunz, Charles Hugh Stevenson, The book of the pearl, Toronto 1993, 214, 220, 468; Paul C. Southgate, John S. Lucas, The Pearl Oyster, 2008, 25.
[4] Hussain al-Mousawi, The Genealogy of the Prophet Muhammed and the Royal Houses of the Middle East with emphasis on the Hashemite (Alawaite) Kingdoms, Genealogica & Heraldica Ottawa 1996, Ottawa 1998. (further: Mousawi), 219 – 238; Bernard Reich, Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa, 1990. (further: Reich), 233; David Seddon, A Political and Economic Dictionary of the Middle East, London 2004, 241; Bačko, HRM Sultan…, 133.
[6] Ahmad Ibrahim, Sharon Siddique, Yasmin Hussain, Readings on Islam in Southeast Asia, Institute of Southeast Asian studies, Singapore 1985, 50 – 55; Bačko, HRM Sultan…, 134.
[11] Aleksandar Bačko, Titles of East African Traditional Rulers, Royalty, Chiefs, Nobility and Chivalry, Belgrade 2020. (further: Bačko, Titles of East African…), 88 – 89; Royal Order of the Engabu – Flyer.
[12] Bačko, Titles of East African…, 90; Royal Order of the Engabu – Flyer.
[13] Bačko, Titles of East African…, 90 – 91; Royal Order of the Engabu – Flyer.
[14] Aleksandar V. Bačko, Reverend Father Deacon Hadži Nenad M. Jovanović, About some connections between The Georgia and The Balkans – Lower Danube Region (further: Bačko, Jovanović).
[16] Gregory R. Copley, Ethiopia Reaches Her Hand Unto God, Imperial Ethiopia’s Unique Symbols, Structures and Role in the Modern World, Defense & Foreign Affairs, part of the International Strategic Studies Association, 1998, 155 – 157.
Hadji Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram ibni Almarhum Sultan Mohammad Mahakuttah Abdulla Kiram
The 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo
Grand Sayyid and Hereditary Sovereign of
The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl etc. etc.
In 2011, ten years ago,His Royal Majesty Paduka Mahasari Al-Maulana Ampun Sultan Hadji Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram ibni Almarhum Sultan Mohammad Mahakuttah Abdulla Kiram The 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneodecided, to use His sovereignty right of “Fons Honorum”, to create The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl. It was the Royal decision, that undoubtedly presented continuity of the ancient customs of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu.
During previous ten years, The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl (in further text: The Order) developed into significant international organization and widely recognized and respected Order. It is based in Sulu. Members of The Order’s six grades (including the grade of The Royal Companion, reserved for the members of the Royal Families) are citizens of various countries across the globe.
Similar as most international organizations, during its past The Order had some good, and some hard times. But, under wise leadership of its Grand Sayyid, all difficulties have been gradually solved. Many important tasks were done by The Order and for The Order, during previous ten years.
Since its foundation, a significant number of distinguished persons became members of this Order. Among them were certain members of Royalty and Nobility, as well as a number of Prelates.
Among distinguished members of The Order are: HM Omukama (King) Solomon Iguru I Babiito, HRH Dom Duarte Pio Duke of Braganza Head of the Royal House of Portugal, HRH Prince Davit Bagrationi Mukhran Batonishvili Head of the Royal House of Georgia, HM Yuhi VI titular King of Rwanda, HIH Prince Ermias Sahle Selassie, HIRH Archduke Josef Karl von Habsburg, HRH Princess Margaret of Hohenberg, HRH Prince Vladimir Karageorgevich, HRH Princess Jelisaveta Karageorgevich, HRH Princess Brigitta Karageorgevich, HRH Princess Luciana Pallavicini Hassan, HRH Princess Mahera Hassan, HRH Prince Osman Rifat Ibrahim, HH Prince Mohsin Ali Khan of Hyderabad, HH Princess Dr. Chao Duangduen of Chiang Mai, HH Datu Cheong Ming Lam, HE Lech Wałęsa former Polish President and Nobel Prize Laureate, Marquis Don Maurizio Ferrante Gonzaga del Vodice di Vescovato, Hussin U. Amin Mayor of Jolo, Noble Dr. Pier Felice degli Uberti, Reverend Professor Noel Cox, Don Diego de Vargas-Machuca, Marquis of Vatolla, HE Datu Sadja Michael Y. Medvedev, Noble Stanislav Vladimirovich Dumin, Hon. Edsir Q. Tan Vice Mayor of Jolo, Colonel Romulo Quemado II, General Joriel Cenabre, as well as some others.
Sadly, some of distinguished members of The Order passed away, during these ten years. Among them were His Majesty King Kigeli V Ndahindurwa of Rwanda and His Royal Highness Prince Alexander Pavlov Karageorgevich. Both of them passed away during 2016.
We are convinced, that The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl will be led successfully by its Grand Sayyid, His Royal Majesty Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram Sultan of Sulu, and His Royal descendants, for many years and centuries.
Hadji Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram ibni Almarhum Sultan Mohammad Mahakuttah Abdulla Kiram
The 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo
Grand Sayyid and Hereditary Sovereign of
The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearletc. etc.
DATU
(TITLE)
Title “Datu” refers to royalty, highest nobility and some notables of Philippine Islands. In the Royal Sultanate of Sulu, this title is also known as Su-sultanun. Some of early Rulers of Sulu were bearing title Tuan. It is important to mention, that descendant of Tuan Mashā′ikha (died in 1310 AD), Tuan May, had a son, named Datu Tka. The descendants of Tuan May did not assume the title Tuan, instead, they started to use title Datu. It is the first known time, that title Datu was used as a political institution in Sulu.[1]
Sulu Archipelago, before the arrival of Islam, was inhabited by several cultures. It was devided in three independent kingdoms, which were ruled by the Buranun, Tagimaha, and Baklaya peoples. The socio-political systems of these kingdoms were characterized by several distinct institutions: rajahship, datuship, tuanship and timwayship. The arrival of mentioned Ruler, Tuan Mashā′ikha, established a core Islamic community in the island.[2]
In the Royal Sultanate of Sulu, titles Royal Datu and Datu acquired exclusively by lineage of the Sultan’s Family, or by adoption. All male members of the Royal House of Sulu should hold this hereditary title. They should hold the style His Royal Highness, or His Highness, according to the traditional customs of Royal House of Sulu. Their spouses should hold the title of Dayang Dayang (Princess of the first degree) and should hold the style Her Royal Highness, or Her Highness.[3]
Datus in Visayas belonged to the Tumao class. In that region and in Mindanao, among other meanings, Datu was a title refering to: Chiefs, Sovereign Princes, and Monarchs. This was also a title of members of Maginoo class in Tagalog society, who ruled over a community. Same was at the lowlands of Luzon. Datus either ruled over a single community (a pook) or part of a larger settlement (a bayan, „town“). They constituted a council (lipon, lupon, or pulong) and answered to a Paramount Chief, Lakan (or Rajah). During the Spanish conquest of Philippine Islands, these community Datu were given the equivalent Spanish title of Don.[4]
In some other parts of Southeast Asia, as well as in Oceania, some similar titles are (or were) used. Term “Datu” is, for instance, akin to the Malay word Dato or Datuk. These are royal titles of the Malay people. Fijian title of Ratu shares the same root.[5]
Term “Datu Sadja” is refering to senior titled nobility in the Royal Sultanate of Sulu. Style of Datu Sadja is „Excellency“. The title of Datu Sadja may be granted for certain merits or achieved through appointment to any of the eight great offices of the Realm: Wazir (Prime Minister), Datu Maharaja Adenduk, Datu Maharaja Layla, Datu Amir Bahar, Chancellor, Secretary General, Gateway Chronicler King of Arms, and the Chief of Protocol and Public Relations. In the past, the list of these offices was varying, but similar. Also, title (Gullal) of Datu Sadja can be granted, if a commoner has achieved outstanding deeds or services to Sultan and Sultanate.[6]
Datu Sadja is not hereditary title, unless the Sultan, in any particular situation, decides otherwise. Anyway, a kind of preference is being given to the relatives of the past Datu Sadjas. It is established, that the children of Datus enjoy the titles of Tuan (for men), or Sitty (for women). This Tuanship descends via primogeniture. In the Royal Sultanate of Sulu, spouses of Datu Sadjas in this Sulatanate are bearing title Dayang, and style “Her Excellency”.[7]
Term “Datu” is also attested in topography of Philippine Islands. There are many Philippine place names with this root, and in Sulu is settlement Datu Tubig. It is located at the island Bucutua in Sulu archipelago.[8]
CERTAIN HISTORICAL
DATUS
(SULTANATE OF SULU)
Datu Aliud-Din
Datu Aliud-Din was grandson of Sultan Shakirul-Lah of Sulu. He challenged Sultan Jamalul-Kiram II of Sulu, during first reign 1884 – 1895, but he was unsuccessful. Because of that, Datu Aliud-Din was forced to flee to the island Basilan. As a mediator between the Sultan and Aliud-Din appeared Datu (later Sultan) Harun Ar-Rashid.[9]
Datu Bandahara
Datu Bandahara from Jolo was mentioned in documents in 1836, when he owed some items to commander Hose Maria Dujiol. His historical mentions, dating from 1828. and 1829. were also preserved.[10]
Datu Bukon
Datu Bukon, alongside with Datu Molok, was the head of community of 600 men in Jolo town. He is mentioned in document dating from 1814.[11]
Datu Bulok
Datu Bulok was remembered as “principal rival” of Datu Molok. He is mentioned in documents in 1836. At that time, he owed some items to commander Hose Maria Dujiol. Datu Bulok lived in Jolo (Sulu).[12]
Datu Camsa
Datu Camsa was Sultan Sharapud-Din’s son-in-law. He was mentioned in Jolo, in April 1794. It was stated, that Datu Camsa “led pillaging expeditions in the Philippines selling the captives in Jolo, Borneo, Makassar and Batavia”. He had son, named Datu Tabuddin. See also: Datu Tabuddin.[13]
Datu Daniel
Datu Daniel lived in Jolo (Sulu). He was mentioned in documents dating from 1830s, including one from 1834.[14]
Datu Emir Bahar
Datu Emir Bahar was mentioned in historical documents during 1830s, more precisely in 1835. At that time, he had certain debts to the Chinese traders. Datu Emir Bahar lived in Jolo. He led significant export trade.[15]
Datu John
In document dated in 1836, some items that Datu John owed to commander Hose Maria Dujiol are mentioned. Datu John lived in Jolo.[16]
Datu Julkarnain
During the second reign of Sultan Jamalul-Kiram II of Sulu, in 1895, the unit of the Sultanate of Sulu led by prominent military leaders, brothers Datu Julkarnain and Datu Kalbi, attacked the Spanish troops in the Jolo. However, this attack was rejected by the combined forces of the Spanish Army and military units of their Filipino allies. See also: Datu Kalbi.[17]
Datu Kalbi
Kalibi was one of Datus of Sulu. He was brother of Datu Julkarnain of Sulu. Alongside his brother, Datu Kalibi attacked the Spanish troops in the Jolo in 1895. this attack was unsuccessful. See also: Datu Julkarnain.[18]
Datu Mohammed Buyo
Datu Mohammed Buyo was bearing title of the Raja Muda (Crown Prince) of the Sulu Sultanate. He was mentioned in certain historical documents, dating from 1825. and 1831. Datu Mohammed Buyo lived in Jolo.[19]
Datu Molo
Datu Molo, resident of Jolo, was mentioned in historical document dating from 1833. He might be same person as Datu Molok (see).[20]
Datu Molok
Datu Molok was the Prime Minister of Sulu during long period. He was “described in European accounts as an enterprising, intelligent man, owning four trading ships and a large quantity of arms (25 cannon and 100 muskets) and reputed to be worth 150 000 pesos“. In 1814. Datu Molok, alongside with Datu Bukon, was the head of community of 600 men in Jolo town. He is also mentioned in documents in 1834. He lived in Jolo (Sulu). It is stated, that Datu Molok’s “principal rival” was Datu Bulok. See also: Datu Molo.[21]
Datu Putong
Putong was one of Datus of Sulu and descendant of Sultan Alimud-Din of The Sultanate of Sulu. He was also ancestor (great grandfather) of Datu Harun Ar-Rashid, who was declared Sultan of Sulu by Spansh in Manila in 1886, but was forced to abdicate in 1894.[22]
Datu Salipasan
Datu Salipasan lived in Jolo (Sulu). This datu was mentioned in historical document, dating from year 1830.[23]
Datu Tabuddin
Datu Tabuddin was son of Datu Camsa. Together with his father, Datu Tabuddin is mentioned in Jolo, in April 1794. See also: Datu Camsa.[24]
PANGLIMA
Term “Panglima” refers to region representative within Royal Sultanate of Sulu. Sub region representative inside Royal Sulu Sultanate is called Laksaman. Panglimas of Sultanate are bearing title Tuan (for males), or Sitti (for females). Also, Panglima Dalan was former office in the Royal Sultanate of Sulu. It was conferred to blood relatives of Sultan.[25]
“Tuan” is a title with basic meaning: „lord“, „powerful master“, or “master”. Nowadays, it is the title of the Minor Titled Nobility in the Sultanate of Sulu. Style of Tuan is “Honourable”. This title can be achieved or inherited. Offices referring to this style are: Wakil Kesultanan, Panglima, Parkasa and Laksaman. Sitti, female equivalent of the title Tuan, has basic meaning “Lady”. Style of Sitti is “Honourable”. This title also can be achieved or inherited.[26]
In topography of Philippine Islands, term “Panglima” is also attested. There are few Philippine place names with this root – in Sulu settlements Panglima Estino (New Panamao) and Hadji Panglima Tahil (Marunggas), as well as Panglima Sugala in Tawi-Tawi.[27]
CERTAIN HISTORICAL
PANGLIMAS
(SULTANATE OF SULU)
Hadji Panglima Tahil – See: Panglima Tahil.
Panglima Alip
Panglima Alip was “principal Chief” of Ballongningkin (island in Sulu archipelago). He was mentioned in historical document, dating from 1838. It is stated, that Panglima Alip is “under the Sultan of Sulu”.[28]
Panglima Ambutong
Panglima Ambutong is mentioned among other Sulu local leaders (Panglima Hassan, Panglima Dammang) in historical documents dating from 1903.[29]
Panglima Asib
Panglima Asib, local leader of Patikul on Jolo Island, was mentioned during the reign of the Sultan Aliud-Din (Aliyud-Din) of Sulu, more precisely in year 1812. At that time, Patikul had estimated population of about 5000.[30]
Panglima Dammang
Panglima Dammang was one of local leaders in the Sultanate of Sulu in early 20th century. He was mentioned in historical documents dating from 1903, among other bearers of the same title (Panglima Hassan, Panglima Ambutong). [31]
Panglima Daud
Among the local Sulu leaders, during the reign of Sultan Aliud-Din (Aliyud-Din), was Panglima Daud. He was leader of Bual on Jolo Island. Panglima Daud was mentioned in document dating from 1812.[32]
Panglima Hassan (19th century)
One of the local leaders, during the reign of Sultan Aliud-Din (Aliyud-Din) of Sulu, was Panglima Hassan. He was leader of Sagaugun near Jolo. Panglima Hassan was mentioned in historical document dating from 1812.[33]
Panglima Hassan (20th century)
Other, later local leader from Sulu, was also bearing same name and title. It was Panglima Hassan, who “opened fight” that lasted from October 1903, until March 1904. He is mentioned in various historical documents.[34]
Panglima Japar
Panglima Japar, local leader of Pata Island in Sulu archipelago, south of Jolo Island, was mentioned during the reign of the Sultan Aliud-Din (Sultan Aliyud-Din) of Sulu, more precisely in year 1812.[35]
Panglima Kamba
Among the local Sulu leaders, during the regin of Sultan Aliud-Din (Aliyud-Din), was Panglima Kamba. He was leader of Buang Hinan near Jolo. Panglima Kamba was mentioned in historical document dating from 1812.[36]
Panglima Sayyadi
In the Sultanate of Sulu, local leader of Tapul Island (located south of Jolo Island) in 1890. was Panglima Sayyadi.[37]
Panglima Tahil (Hadji Panglima Tahil)
Hadji Panglima Tahil was one of the Sulu local leaders. Among other historical documents, Panglima Tahil was mentioned as one of the grantees from Sulu during the reign of the Sultan Jamalul Kiram.[38]
[1] Aleksandar Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram and The Sultanate of Sulu,Belgrade 2019. (further: Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram), 113 – 115; Aleksandar Bačko, Sultanate of Sulu – Notes from the past and present times, Belgrade 2015. (further: Bačko, Sultanate of Sulu), 56 – 58; Sixto Y. Orosa, The Sulu Archipelago and its people, New York 1931. (further: Orosa), 24; HE Datu Sadja Michael Y. Medvedev, The Honours System of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu (further: Medvedev, Honours).
[2] Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, 113 – 115; Bačko, Sultanate of Sulu, 56 – 58.
[3] Medvedev, Honours; Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, 113 – 115, 117, 120, 136; Bačko, Sultanate of Sulu, 56 – 58, 60, 62 – 63, 78.
[4] Artemio R. Guillermo, Historical Dictionary of the Philippines, third edition, 2012. (further: Guillermo, Historical Dictionary), 4, 5, 125, 273, 300; Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, 113 – 115; Bačko, Sultanate of Sulu, 56 – 58.
[5] Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, 113 – 115; Bačko, Sultanate of Sulu, 56 – 58.
[6] Orosa, 58; Medvedev, Honours; Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, 116 – 118; Bačko, Sultanate of Sulu, 58, 60.
[7] Medvedev, Honours; Guillermo, Historical Dictionary, 236; Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, 116 – 118; Bačko, Sultanate of Sulu, 58 – 60.
[8] Gazetteer of the Philippines, Volume I, A – L, Second edition, Washington D. C. May 1989, 429.
[9] James Francis Warren, The Sulu Zone, 1768-1898, The Dynamics of External Trade, Slavery, and Ethnicity in the Transformation of a Southeast Asian Maritime State, second edition, Nus Press, Singapore 2007. (further: Warren), 124; Philippine studies, Volume 42, Manila 1994, 30, 37; Orosa, 34 – 35, 107; Habib Jamasali Sharief Rajah Bassal Abdurahman, The Sultanate of Sulu: their dominion, 2002, 80; Gémino H. Abad, Memories, visions, and scholarship, and other essays, University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies, 2001, 106, 133; Volker Schult, Wunsch und Wirklichkeit, Deutsch–philippinische Beziehungen im Kontext globaler Verflechtungen 1860–1945, Berliner Südostasien-Studien, Band 8, Berlin 2008, 63; Samuel K. Tan, Filipino Muslim perceptions of their history and culture as seen through indigenous written sources, 2003, 16; Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, 61 – 62; Bačko, Sultanate of Sulu, 31.
[13] David John Starkey, Jaap de Moor, E. S. van Eyck van Heslinga, Pirates and Privateers – New Perspectives on the War on Trade in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, University of Exeter Press, 1997, 70; Warren, 152.
[17] Gregorio F. Zaide, The pageant of Philippine history: political, economic, and socio-cultural, Volume 1, 1979. (further: Zaide), 556; Salah Jubair, Bangsamoro, 1999. (further: Jubair), 53; Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, 63; Bačko, Sultanate of Sulu, 32 – 33.
[18] Zaide, 556; Jubair, 53; Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, 63; Bačko, Sultanate of Sulu, 32 – 33.
[19] Mohd. Taib Osman, Islamic Civilization in the Malay World, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka and the Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture, Istanbul, 1997, 92; Warren, Appendix R.
[21] Charles F. Keyes, On the Margins of Asia, Diversity in Asian States, Association for Asian Studies, 2006, 61, 63; Philippine Studies 25 – 26, 63; Warren, 59, 153, 226.
[22] Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, 61 – 62; Bačko, Sultanate of Sulu, 31; Warren, 124.
[25] Orosa, 11, 24, 58 – 60; Medvedev, Honours; Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, 122, 128; Bačko, Sultanate of Sulu, 64, 70.
[26] Orosa, 61; Medvedev, Honours; Bačko, HRM Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, 139, 141 – 142; Bačko, Sultanate of Sulu, 81, 83 – 84.
[27] Sulu in Focus, Its Demographic and Socio-economic Profile, Republic of the Philippines, National Statistics Office, Sulu 1999, 62 – 63, 66, 137, 139, 141; Tawi-Tawi in Focus, Its Demographics and Socio-economic Profile, Republic of the Philippines, National Statistics Office, Tawi-Tawi 1999, 100 – 101, 193.
[28] Warren, Appendix Q; Transformasi sosial, merenungkan dan memformulasikan kebijakan/dasar pembangunan di Borneo-Kalimantan, prosiding Konferensi Antaruniversiti se Borneo-Kalimantan ke-3, 15 – 17 Jun di Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia, Borneo-Kalimantan 2007, Institut Pengajian Asia Timur, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 2007, 366.
[29] Annual Reports of the War Department, Volume 5, United States. War Department, Washington 1903. (further: Annual Reports…), 526.
[34] B. R. Rodil, The Minoritization of the Indigenous Communities of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago, Alternate Forum for Research in Mindanao, 2004, 123; Annual Reports…, 526.
Aleksandar Bačko has published his new book, “HRM Sultan Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram and The Sultanate of Sulu“.
This book is dedicated to His Royal Majesty Paduka Mahasari Al-Maulana Ampun Sultan Hadji Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram ibni Almarhum Sultan Mohammad Mahakuttah Abdulla Kiram The 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo Grand Sayyid and Hereditary Sovereign of The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl etc. etc.
Editor of this book is Mr. Igor Mojsilović.
Book “HRM Sultan Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram and The Sultanate of Sulu “ has 176 pages.
This book can be downloaded free (in PDF format), following this link:
Five years ago, His Majesty Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram 35th Legitimate Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo decided, to use His sovereignty right of fons honorum, to create The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl. This decision undoubtedly presented continuity of the ancient customs of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu.
During previous five years, The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl (further: The Order) developed into significant international organization, based in Sulu. Members of Order’s six grades are citizens of various countries across the globe.
As any organization, during its past, The Order had some good, and some hard times. But, under wise leadership of its Grand Sayyid, all difficulties have been gradually overcome. Many tasks were done by The Order and for The Order, during previous five years.
Since its foundation, a significant number of Royalty, Nobility, Prelates and other distinguished persons became members of this Order.
Among distinguished members of The Order are: HRH Dom Duarte Pio Duke of Braganza Head of the Royal House of Portugal, HIRH Archduke Josef Karl von Habsburg, HRH Princess Margaret of Hohenberg, HRH Prince Vladimir Karageorgevich, HRH Princess Jelisaveta Karageorgevich, HRH Princess Brigitta Karageorgevich, HRH Princess Luciana Pallavicini Hassan, HM Omukama (King) Solomon Iguru I Babiito, HRH Prince Davit Bagrationi Mukhran Batonishvili Head of the Royal House of Georgia, HIH Prince Ermias Sahle Selassie, HRH Princess Mahera Hassan, HRH Prince Osman Rifat Ibrahim, HH Datu Cheong Ming Lam, HE Lech Wałęsa former Polish President and Nobel Prize Laureate, Hussin U. Amin Mayor of Jolo, Noble Dr. Pier Felice degli Uberti, Reverend Professor Noel Cox, Don Diego de Vargas-Machuca, Marquis of Vatolla, Marquis Don Maurizio Ferrante Gonzaga del Vodice di Vescovato, HE Datu Sadja Michael Y. Medvedev, Noble Stanislav Vladimirovich Dumin, Hon. Edsir Q. Tan Vice Mayor of Jolo, Colonel Romulo Quemado II, General Joriel Cenabre, as well as some others.
Sadly, some of our dear distinguished members passed away, during these five years. Among them was His Royal Highness Prince Alexander Pavlov Karageorgevich, Royal Companion of The Order, who passed away in 2016.
***
We hope, and we believe, that The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl will be led successfully by its Grand Sayyid, His Majesty Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram Sultan of Sulu, and His descendants, for many years and centuries.
Aleksandar Bačko has published his new book, “Sultanate of Sulu – Notes from the past and present times“.
This book is dedicated to His Majesty Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo, Head of the Royal House of The Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo, Grand Sayyid and Hereditary Sovereign of The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl etc. etc.
Editor of this book is Reverend Father Deacon Hadži Nenad M. Jovanović.
“Sultanate of Sulu – Notes from the past and present times“ has 106 pages.
This book can be downloaded free (in PDF format), following this link:
Нова монографија Александра Бачка „Султанат Сулу – Белешке из прошлих времена и садашњости“ (Sultanate of Sulu – Notes from the past and present times).
Уредник ове књиге је часни отац ђакон Хаџи Ненад М. Јовановић.
Монографија је посвећена Његовом Величанству Муедзул Лаил Тан Кираму 35. Султану Сулуа и Северног Борнеа, Поглавару Краљевског Дома Султаната Сулу, Старешини и Наследном Суверену Краљевског и Хашемитског Реда Бисера итд. итд.
Монографија „Султанат Сулу – Белешке из прошлих времена и садашњости“ је обима 106 страна.
Књигу можете бесплатно преузети у PDF формату, путем следећег линка:
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